
Worldwide there are estimated to be 2.9 million cholera cases annually [1]. Currently in 2024, there is a major cholera outbreak in the sub‐Saharan Africa region including 18 countries, and with continued climate change, cholera will likely increase in this region [2–4]. The Democratic Republic...

Diphtheria, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, usually spreads person‐to‐person by droplets. The typical clinical manifestation is pseudo‐membranous pharyngitis and the disease has a mortality rate of 5%–10% [1]. Tetanus occurs after infection with toxigenic strains...

Chikungunya (CHIK) is a viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. The natural disease course has two clinical stages. The acute stage is divided into two distinct phases: the viremia phase (5–10 days) and the...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus infection transmitted primarily via bites of the Aedes aegypti mosquito [1]. After the first description of infection in humans in 1954 [2], infection was described sporadically in humans until outbreaks were reported in Micronesia (2007) [3] and French Polynesia...

Research on chikungunya virus was widely neglected until 2005, when it reappeared in the territories of the southwestern Indian Ocean and on Reunion Island. However, the social and economic burdens caused by chikungunya epidemics are still poorly documented [1, 2]. The economic impacts of a disease can...