
Malaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria remains an important global public health problem. According to the World Health Organization report, there were an estimated 247 million malaria cases in 2021...

The geographically expanding arboviral diseases like dengue and chikungunya is a major global public health concern. Dengue alone accounts for the largest number of infectious disease cases in the Americas, manifesting itself as an epidemic every 3–5 years. Although these two infectious diseases...

Rabies virus (RABV) which is the causative agent of rabies, causes damage to the central nervous system and is primarily transmitted through animal bites, scratches, or direct contact with the saliva of an infected animal. The incubation period for rabies typically ranges from 2 to 8 weeks, though it...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in hundreds of millions of people and is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and viral hepatitis‐related death; thus, HBV infections are a major global health problem. Pegylated interferon alpha...