
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA alphavirus, is transmitted to humans by infected Aedes mosquitoes. It poses an emerging threat to public health in Aedes-endemic countries and a growing risk to travelers visiting these countries. Typical acute symptoms include fever, arthralgia,...

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging public health concern in Sweden, with a steadily increasing incidence over the past two decades. Climate change, expanding tick populations, and increased human exposure contribute to the growing burden of disease. Although TBE vaccination is highly effective,...

Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) requires timely appropriate wound management and vaccination (including concomitant rabies immunoglobulin [RIG], depending on vaccination history and wound severity) to ensure rapid increases in rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers, a surrogate marker...

Diphtheria is rare in England because of an effective national immunisation schedule that includes 5 doses of a diphtheria-containing vaccine at 2, 3, 4 months, preschool and adolescent boosters. However, in recent years there has been a notable increase in cases due to Corynebacterium ulcerans...

Infections with the chikungunya virus are increasingly reported due to many reasons including climate change. Two vaccines against chikungunya have recently been approved in Europe, the live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) Ixchiq and the virus like particle (VLP) vaccine Vimkunya. However, no systematic review...