
The Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes (particularly Aedes aegypti), with sexual transmission and vertical transmission during pregnancy also documented. Large outbreaks in the Pacific and in the Americas caused a peak of infections in 2015-2016 and led to the...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) has largely been regarded as a virus affecting Asia and the western Pacific, with a seasonal pattern over summer months in temperate areas and rainy season in the tropics and subtropics. However, climate change, novel host species (e.g., ticks, domestic cattle and sheep,...

Surveillance data from 13 countries in the European Union between 2009-2015 found that 27.8% of confirmed hepatitis A diagnoses were travel-related. Of these, 42% were among people aged 15-44 years of age, with cases more likely among males than females. GeoSentinel data from 68 sites in 28 countries...

The rise of multi-drug and extremely drug-resistant typhoid fever over the last two decades requires novel control strategies - by reducing the burden of disease with the new typhoid conjugate vaccine, endemic areas have one additional tool in their armamentarium for control of this long-term global...

In view of the current increase of cases in Africa, cholera remains a persistent and complex public health challenge across diverse geographical and socio-cultural contexts, as illustrated by recent studies in Tanzania, Zambia, as well as historical and global perspectives.