
Increases in the number of migrants (economic, educational, and involuntary) to Europe from countries with high incidence of communicable diseases [tuberculosis (TB), HIV, and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV)]; has increased the need for cost-effective early disease diagnosis programmes to improve outcomes....

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a worldwide public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 90% of infants infected with HBV through MTCT and young children with HBV infection are at an increased risk of developing chronic liver disease...

HIV and hepatitis B continue to be global public health challenges. Each virus causes 1.2 million new infections annually. By 2025, roughly 40 million people live with HIV, and over 250 million have chronic hepatitis B. Using PubMed, we analyzed approaches to control HIV and HBV epidemics. Whereas no...

Transfusion of blood and/or blood derivatives is often seen as the only way to save patients in many situations. Blood transfusion is therefore considered an essential part of the healthcare system [1]. Indeed, transfusion is essential to patient care. However, it can sometimes present a risk of transmission...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus of the hepadnaviridae family responsible for most cases of chronic liver disease (CLD) such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that can ultimately result in premature death [1]. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection...