
The rise of multi-drug and extremely drug-resistant typhoid fever over the last two decades requires novel control strategies - by reducing the burden of disease with the new typhoid conjugate vaccine, endemic areas have one additional tool in their armamentarium for control of this long-term global...

In view of the current increase of cases in Africa, cholera remains a persistent and complex public health challenge across diverse geographical and socio-cultural contexts, as illustrated by recent studies in Tanzania, Zambia, as well as historical and global perspectives.

An outbreak of diphtheria in migrants to Europe and continued global challenges with pertussis highlight the need for strengthening delivery of combined tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccines as well as routine boosters in adolescents and adults.

Lyme disease is the most common arthropod-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere, transmitted by various species of Ixodes ticks. Lyme disease presentation typically spans 3 stages: Early localized stage: In days to weeks after infection, characterized by erythema migrans (a skin lesion...

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions with high endemicity. Several studies have explored different aspects of the disease, including its natural history, prognosis, liver histology patterns, prevalence among blood donors, and challenges with...